Adapter or percussive member for selfdrilling expansion shells



April 3, 1962 F. A. WERSTEIN ADAPTER OR PERCUSSIVE MEMBER' FORSELF-DRILLING EXPANSION SHELLS 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Oct. 15, 1959 V RAQ% N% Nk w q m i NN L April 3, 1962 F. A. WERSTEIN 3,028,167

ADAPTER OR PERCUSSIVE MEMBER FOR SELF-DRILLING EXPANSION SHELLS 5Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Oct. 15, 1959 9 7247 a zl erv W,

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ADAPTER OR PERCUSSIVE MEMBER FOR SELF-DRILLING EXPANSION SHELLS 5Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Oct. 15, 1959 1 4 N m M ii I h WW z I; I .(1 MW 0 Qr- .r un W W WQ\ QQ NW m, E M

United States Patent 3,028,167 ADAPTER 0R PERCUSSHVE MEMBER FOR SE1.

DRILLING EXPANSHGN SHELLS Frank A. Wei-stein, Long Beach, Ind, assignorto Phillips Drill Company, Michigan City, Ind, a corporation of Illinois7 Filed Oct. 15, 1959, Ser. No. 846,595 6 Claims. (Cl. 279-19) Thisinvention relates generally to the art of installing self-drillingexpansion shells but more particularly is concerned with a novel adapteror percussive member which is adapted to be used with a tool holder orchuck for installing the shells either with percussive hammers ormanually.

The application herein is a continuation-in-part of a copendingapplication entitled Chuck and Adapter for Self-Drilling ExpansionShells, Serial No. 681,689, filed September 3, 1957, now Patent No.2,918,290.

The so-called self-drilling expansion shell with which the inventionherein is concerned principally comprises a hollow cylindrical memberhaving sharp axially directed teeth at one end and having its oppositeend tapered to enable the member to be mounted in a socket provided in achuck. Axially extending grooves are provided on the shell body at thetoothed end to enable the expansion of the shell in the installation ofthe same. The tapered portion may have a circumferential groove spacedfrom its end so that the tapered portion may be broken off by lateralstrain after installation, to enable the shell to remain flush in themasonry. Shells of this construction are shown and described in U.S.Patent 1,996,121. Tapered end shells are shown and described also inU.S. Patents 1,746,050 and 1,621,598.

The shells are installed in masonry, concrete or stone by percussion.The chuck is mounted on the operative end of a pneumatic, electric ormechanical hammer, the

shell inserted in the chuck and the shell is engaged against the masonrywhile the hammer delivers its blows. The shell teeth drill a hole in themasonry and the debris and cuttings pass through the hollow center ofthe shell and out of a passageway provided in the chuck. The passagewayis for ejection of the shell by means of a suitable tool in a mannershown in U.S. Patent 1,786,029. While the hole is being-drilled, theentire chuck is rocked or oscillated back and forth about the axis ofthe shell through the use of a bail or handle which is rotativelyjournalled in the chuck. A chuck such as described is illustrated inU.S. Patent 2,767,988 and in U.S. Patent 1,968,055, both of the lattertwo patents illustrating one type'of electric hammer which may be usedto install these self-drilling shells.

After the hole has been drilled, the shell is withdrawn and the holecleaned. Thereafter a .tapered plug is inserted in the toothed end, theshell re-inserted in the hole and hammered home. The tapered. plugspreads the toothed end by splitting same along the fracture grooves,expanding the shell within the hole, causing the teeth to bite laterallyinto the walls of the hole, and permanently securing the shell withinthe hole. Thereafter, the shell is ejected from the chuck by somesuitable tool, or its tapered end may be broken 01? and the broken offend later forced out of the chuck.

As pointed out in the said co-pending application, there are manyconstructions for percussive hammers and as well numerous sizes ofshells. The prior structures for driving the shells comprised integralmembers each having a socket at one end for receiving the shell and ashank at theopposite end to fit the particular hammer that the workmanwas using. The invention of said copending application was directed to astructure in which the number of pieces needed to accommodate all sizesof shells and all types of hammers was reduced very materially throughthe construction of a tool holder that had a first socket at one end forreceiving the shell, a transverse pas sageway to permit debris to passfrom the center of the hollow shell and through said first socket, and asecond socket at the other end which was of universal size and hencewould fit any of a large number of adapters each of which had a taperedmale portion at one end thereof, all male portions being identical. Theother ends of the adapters were constructed differently to fit any oneof a large group of different percussive hammers.

The structure claimed in said co-pending application was not limited toany particular connection between the tool holder and adapter. There wasparticularly described and illustrated, however, an adapter that had afrusto-conical male end adapted to be engaged in the tool holder, andthe invention herein is concerned primarily with this type of adapter orpercussive member. The invention herein, as in the said co-pendingapplication, is not limited to percussive hammers, but is alsoapplicable to structures in which the installation is manual, by the useof a bar held in the band, struck with a hammer and having a maleportion at the end thereof engaging in the tool holder.

Certain objects of this invention are common with the objects of theinvention of the said co-pending application. In addition, thisinvention has as other objects: the provision of an adapter for use witha tool holder and having a tapered male end adapted to be engaged in thetool holder and a formation at the opposite end adapted to be engaged ina percussive hammer; the provision of an adapter for engagement in atool holder with means for limiting the axial entry of the end of theadapter into the tool holder; the provision of an adapter or the likewith a cam-like end formation enabling the same to be readily ejectedfrom the tool holder as desired; and the provision of a special ejectortool for use with the last-mentioned adapter and tool holder.

Other objects will occur to those skilled in this field as the inventionis described in connection with the drawings, in which preferredembodiments are illustrated.

In the said drawings:

FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of a chuck and adapter constructed inaccordance with the invention of the said co-pending application andthat herein, associated with a percussive hammer and having aself-drilling expansion shell seized therein, portions being shown insection.

FIG. 2 is a similar view but illustrating the same in section, and inthis view the shell has been fully driven into the masonry. In this aswell as the previous view, only a fragmentary portion of the hammer isshown.

FIGS. 3 and 4 are transverse sectional views taken along the lines 3-3and 4-4 respectively of PEG. 2 and in the indicated direction.

FIG. 5 is an end-on elevational view of the chuck and adapter taken fromthe left-hand end of FIG. 1.

FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken through a tool holder of the samestructure as that of FIGS. 1 and 2 but illustrating the same associatedwith a different form of adapter.

FIG. 7 is an exploded elevational view of the parts similar to thoseshown assembled in FIG. 6, but with a somewhat ditferent form ofadapter.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the adapter of FIG. 7.

FIG. 9 is a view similar to that of FIG. 6 but showing a form of theadapter in which the end has been modi tied in accordance with one phaseof the invention.

FIG. 10 is a view similar to that of FIG. 9, but in this case theself-drilling, shell is not shown, and the structure has been rotatedaxially through approximately In addition, the bail or handle has beenremoved from its transverse passageway and a special ejector tool hasbeen inserted and is shown in the process of separating the tool holderand adapter.

FIG. 11 is an elevational view, partly in section, illustrating themodification of the end of the adapterof FIGS. 9 and 10 applied to amanual driving bar for installation of shells with a hammer.

FIG. 12 is a perspective view of the special ejector tool used inconnection with the structures of FIGS. 10 to 12.

The prior art structures were formed of integral metal members having achuck formed at one end, and means for inserting the chuck into apercussive hammer at the other end. No means were ever provided fordriving the shells manually by using a structure like that of the chuckitself.

FIGS. 1 and 2 best illustrate one phase of the invention. Instead of anintegral chuck as in the prior art, there are formed two parts, namely,a tool holder 30 and an adapter 32. The tool holder comprises acylindrical member 34 having one end, the left in the figures, providedwith an axial socket 36 of such dimensions to receive the tapered end 38of a self-drilling shell 40 of a predetermined size. The right-hand endof the cylindrical member has another socket 42 of tapered formation, sodimensioned to receive the male tapered end 44 of the adapter 32.

The tool holder is also provided with a transverse passageway 46 whichpasses completely through the cylindrical member 34 and is intended toreceive the ejector tool shown in fragmentary broken outline 48 in FIG.2. Note that the tapered end 38 extends partially into the passageway 46so that if the ejector tool 48 has a thickness approximately that of thepassageway 46 but is provided with a flat portion disposed oppositetheend 38, rotation of the ejector tool will wedgingly disengage and forcethe end 38 out of its socket 36. Since the self-drilling shell ishollow, as it is hammered and drilled into the masonry d the stone dustand debris will work its way through the center of the shell 40 and outof the rear thereof through the passageway 46.

Another transverse passageway 52 is formed in the cylindrical member 34preferably at right angle to the passageway 46. A bail or handle 54 isjournalled in this transverse passageway. The passageway 52, infunction, is the same as attributable to aligned sockets formed onopposite sides of the cylindrical member 34. This is because, as shownin FIG. 5, the handle 54 is in the form of a loop having a pair ofopposed short inwardly bent facing ends 56 which engage in the ends ofthe passageway 52. Thus, in this case, it is not necessary that thepassageway 5 extend all the way through the cylindrical member 34. Thehandle 54 may swing about the axis defined by the ends 56, and is usedto steady and support the percussive hammer 58 when the drilling iscommenced. It is used also to oscillate the chuck and adapter with theshell 4% during the drilling process.

The shell 40 which is illustrated has hardened teeth 61? on its forwardend and several fracture grooves 62 adjacent that end so that the shellmay be expanded in its own hole for securement. Its hollow center canbest be seen at 64 in FIG. 5. The particular shell 40 illustrated isintended to be driven into the masonry 5t and to have its tapered end 38broken off by sudden lateral strain. This is normally done by merelyforcing the hammer 58 downward as viewed in FIG. 2 after the shell 40has been driven home. The annular fracture groove 66 provides a weakenedarea at which the fracture occurs.

According to the invention, all of the tool holders 3% are identical,regardless of the 'kind of percussive device with which the same are tobe used, except for the size of the tapered socket 36. Every tool holderillustrated, therefore, may have identical construction, including thosein FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 9, l0-and 11. All of the tool holders 30 has theidentical rear tapered socket 42 4 regardless of the size of the frontsocket 36, and this rear socket 42 is chosen of some standard and easilyformed construction, fully capable of transmitting the desired impactsfor any size of shell with which the tool holder may be used.

It will become apparent from the description of an other phase of theinvention, as set forth below, that it is preferred that the passageway52 extend completely through the tool holder 30 so that the tool holder30 and adapter 32 may be separated by means of a special ejector tool.This requires the removal of the handle 54 from the passageway 52, whichmay be accomplished simply by pulling the ends 56 out of the ends of thepassageway 52. The handle 54 is usually formed of heavy, but resilientwire.

As previously explained, the adapter 32 is of a particular constructionintended to be used with an electric hammer 58 of cooperativeconstruction. The hammer as illustratedincludes a structure for mountingthe adapter which is described in considerable detail and claimed insaid U.S. Patent 2,767,988, which is owned by the assignee of thisapplication. There is a reciproeating plunger 68 which rapidly andrepeatedly transmits blows to the impact end 74 of the shank 70 of theadapter 32. The shank 70 has an annular groove 72 spaced from the impactend 74, the axial length of which controls the stroke of the hammer,being confined in its reciprocating movement by the key 76. This key 76is confined in a slot 78 formed in the tube 80 of the hammer and lockedin place by telescopically slidable sleeve 82 which covers the same andis pressed against a stop ring 84 by the spring 86.

Adjacent its forward end the shank 70 has an annular groove 88 formedtherein and said groove seats the annular lip 90 of a cup-shaped member92 which serves as a dust cap for this particular adapter.

As explained in the said co-pending application, the invention thereinprimarily related to a structure in which one adapter such as 32 wouldenable the user of the percussive hammer 58 to install any size of shell4t} merely by having a tool holder 3t for each size of shell instead ofbeing required to have a complete chuck structure which includes theshank portion. Further, the same identical tool holders are suitable foruse with any one of a large number of adapters each designed to fit intothe working end of a different kind of percussive drill, the onlyrequirement being that all tool holders having the same socket formation42, and all adapters having the same frusto-conical male formation 44 attheir ends.

In FIG. 6 there is illustrated a chuck and adapter 'adapter has a rearshank portion 102 of elongate cylindrical structure with a short section104 of greater diameter separated from the tapered male end part 44 byan annular collar portion 108. It is desired to emphasize that thesurface dimensions of the tapered part 44 are identical to those of thetapered part 44 of the adapter 32 (and of all other adapters illustratedand described therein). This being so, obviously the adapter 100 willalso fit into all of the tool holders illustrated.

FIG. 8 illustrates still another construction for an adapter whichdiffers somewhat from the adapter 100 in several dimensions. Thisadapter is to be installed on a still different type of hammer Y whichrequires, say, a smaller diameter shank 112 than the hammer X. Thetapered end 44 is again identical to all others, and the tool holder 32is also the same as those previously described.

In the same manner, other adapters are constructed to fit other hammersbut all will fit the same tool holders and any others that may be madeto receive different sizes of shells. In the event a new hammer comes onthe market, the manufacturer merely makes a new adapter with theidentical tapered end 44 and his problem is solved. This tapered end 44may be described as a frusto-conical formation.

In FIG. 11 there is illustrated a tool holder 30 identical to thosedescribed being used to manually install a shell 40 in concrete 50. Inplace of an adapter and hammer, there is provided a bar 140 ofsubstantial Weight which may have a roughened gripping area 142 and arelatively malleable impact end 144 intended to receive the blows of ahammer head, partially illustrated at 146. The bottom end of the bar 140is provided with a tapered male end 44 which is similar in surfaceconfiguration to the tapered ends 44 heretofore described. Thisconstruction enables the bar and hammer to perform substantially all ofthe functions performed by an adapter and pneumatic or electric hammer,but without the convenience of a power drive, of course. Since theidentical tool holders are used, and the engagement of the end 44 in thesocket 42 is tight, the bar 140 can be twisted back and forth whilehammering its end to cause the formed hole to be smooth and true. Thedebris and cuttings come up the center of the shell and work out throughthe ejector passageway.

The tapered end 44 as thus far described is formed as a frusto-conicalformation, but with a planar axial end in the structures of FIGS. 2, 6,7 and 8. This tapered configuration is in every case tightly engaged ina suitable socket 42 in tool holder 3% enabling the necessary blows tobe applied, either with the percussive hammer or through a suitable barsimilar to that of FIG. 11 to drive the shell 40. The tool holder 30 isnot deformed or peened in any way due to this arrangement, although themale formation 44 of the adapter is in every case tightly driven intothe socket 42. In order to prevent the adapter end 44 from being driventoo far into the tool holder 30, a situation which conceivably couldresult in deformation of the end of the tool holder or splitting of thesame, the limiting annular collar formation 108 is provided which willengage against the tool holder as for example in FIG. 10.

The tight engagement of the tapered configuration 44 in the socket 42might require the driving of a tool of some kind up the hollow bore ofthe tool holder 32 to separate the same, but a preferred expedient isshown in FIGS. 9, 10, 11 and 12. In these figures there are illustratedtool holders such as 100' and the manual bar 140, which have a roundedextension 45 at the free ends of the frusto-conical formation 44. Thisextension will be referred to as spherical although its surfaceconfiguration may not conform to spherical. The spherical formationenables the frusto-conical end portions 44 of the adapter 100' and thebar 140 (or any other adapter or percussive member which may be soconstructed) to have as great surface-to-surface contact as any of thosewhich have planar ends. The spherical formation is an extended portionof the adapter 100'.

The normal position of the portion 44 of the adapter 100 in the socket42 is such that the spherical extension .45 protrudes slightly into aprojection of the passageway 52, for example, like the solid lineillustration of FIG. 9.

If any difficulty is experienced in removing the tool holder from theadapter, as for example, when it is desired to use a tool holder 30 fora diiferent size shell, the handle 54 is removed by springing the ends56 apart. Thereafter, the tapered wedge-like end 122 of a specialejector tool 120 is inserted in the passageway 52 and driven into thepassageway with a hammer. The tapered end 122 cooperates with thespherical extension 45, camming same to move axially, to the right as inFIGS. 9 and 10. The diameter of the body 124 of the tool 120 is slightlyless than that of the passageway 52 and there may be projections 126 toprevent the tool from being driven completely through the passageway 52and flying out the other side.

The broken lines of FIG. 9 show how the spherical end 45 may be drivenfurther into the socket 42 after a long period of hard usage, forexample, and the solid lines of FIG. 10 show the special ejector toolbeing used to eject the adapter from the tool holder in alleviation ofthis condition. The broken lines of FIG. 10 comprise a second positionof the parts during ejection. The spherical end 45 enables the ejectortool to be used, even Where the spherical extension 45 has practicallycompletely closed off the passageway, because only the engagement of thetip 128 of the tool 129 against any part of the surface of the sphericalportion will start the camming action. 7

The bar 149 and its tool holder 30 are separated in the same manner.

It will be appreciated that variations of the details of the inventionare capable of being made without departing materially from the spiritor scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

What it is desired to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:

1. An adapter for mounting an expansion shell holder upon a percussivedrill and comprising a shank portion adapted to be drivingly engaged insaid drill, and a frustoconical projection on the end of said adapteropposite said shank adapted to be engaged with said shell holder, saidprojection having a spherical extension at the free extremity thereof. 7

2. An adapter as claimed in claim 1 in which an annular collar isprovided rearwardly of said projection having a diameter substantiallygreater than the maximum diameter of said projection.

3. Means for drivingly mounting a tapered end, hollow, self-drillingexpansion shell upon a percussive drillwhich has a cavity for receivingand securing a particular tool formation therein, which comprises a pairof separable members, one being a shell holder and the other being anadapter, the shell holder having a tapered socket at one end for tightlyreceiving the tapered end of said shell therein and a second taperedsocket at its second end, a transverse discharge outlet for cuttingsintersecting said first mentioned socket, said adapter having a shank ofsaid particular tool formation at one end thereof and a frusto-conicalformation at the opposite end of said adapter tightly engageable withsaid second tapered socket, a transverse passageway in said shell holderintersecting said second tapered socket, at least a portion of the saidopposite end protruding into said transverse passageway and having aspherical axial extremity in the passageway whereby a camming tool maybe driven into said passageway to eject said adapter from said secondtapered socket.

4. A structure as claimed in claim 3 in which said adapter has anannular collar formed rearward of said frusto-conical formation to limitthe extent to which said formation may be axially driven into saidsecond tapered socket.

5. A structure as claimed in claim 3 in which there is provided a handlehaving a pair of resilient aligned trunnions respectively engaged in theends of said transverse passageway and being removable by spreading saidtrunnions to permit entry of said camrning tool.

6. In combination, a tool holder having a first tapered axial socket atone end for receiving therein a hollow, self-drilling expansion shelland a first transverse passageway intersecting the first axial socket toenable discharge of cuttings therethrough, a second tapered axial socketat the second end and a second transverse passageway intersecting saidsecond socket, a percussive member having a frusto-conical maleformation and a spherical protrusion on the end thereof tightly engagedin said second socket with at least a portion of said protrusionextending into said second transverse passageway, and an ejector memberhaving a wedge-like planar surface with a thin tip, the ejectormember'adapted to be driven into said second passageway to bring one ofeither said tip or surface into engagement with said sphericalprotrusion to forcibly eject said member axially from said second socketin a camming action.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS2,534,809 Brown Dec. 19, 1950 2,819,880 Gilchrist Jan. 14, 19582,902,832 Levy Sept. 8, 1959 2,913,290 Werstein Dec. 22, 1959

